Acne Treatment In Singapore

These form when pores are completely blocked by oil and dead skin cells. They appear as small, flesh-coloured or white bumps beneath the skin surface.

These occur when pores are partially blocked, allowing some air to reach the trapped material. The exposure to air causes oxidation, resulting in the characteristic black appearance.

These are small, raised, solid red bumps that are tender to touch. They develop when blocked hair follicles become inflamed or infected.

Similar to papules but contain visible pus at their tips. They appear as red circular bumps with white or yellow centres and can cause scarring if squeezed.

These are large, painful, solid lumps that develop beneath the skin surface. They form when the infection extends deeper into the skin and can cause tissue damage.

These are painful, pus-filled lumps beneath the skin surface. They are similar to nodules but contain pus and can cause permanent scarring.

Topicals are first-line for mild to moderate acne. These include retinoids to prevent clogged pores, benzoyl peroxide for its antimicrobial effect, and topical antibiotics like clindamycin to reduce inflammation. Salicylic acid and azelaic acid may also be used for exfoliation and pigmentation concerns.

Oral antibiotics such as doxycycline and minocycline are used for moderate to severe acne to reduce C. acnes and inflammation. Isotretinoin is considered for severe, persistent acne as it targets oil production, keratinisation, bacteria, and inflammation.

Combined oral contraceptives help regulate acne in women by lowering androgen levels and sebum output. Spironolactone, an anti-androgen, is often prescribed for women with hormonal or treatment-resistant acne.

Chemical peels, light-based treatments, and laser therapy may help reduce acne lesions and inflammation. Intralesional corticosteroids are used for large cysts, while comedo extraction removes blackheads and whiteheads manually.